openbmb/MiniCPM-RobotTrack

MiniCPM-RobotTrack

A Compact Vision-Language-Action Policy for Embodied target Tracking

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MiniCPM-RobotTrack is a compact vision-language-action model built on MiniCPM4-0.5B for target tracking with the following highlights:

Language-conditioned target tracking: The model combines natural-language instructions with fused DINOv3 and SigLIP visual features, then directly predicts eight future [x, y, yaw] waypoints for embodied person following.

Quality-driven Self-evolving Data: Automated checks and manual review remove abnormal trajectories, incorrect actions, and invalid interactions. DAgger-style model-environment interaction continually adds difficult samples involving target crossings, rapid turns, short occlusions, and multi-person intersections.

Efficient On-device Inference: Joint optimization of visual capture, input encoding, model inference, action generation, command transmission, and execution delivers a stable 5+ FPS with approximately 180 ms end-to-end latency on the Unitree Go2's native onboard compute.

Outdoor Obstacle-aware Tracking Elevator Tracking Underground Parking Tracking

Benchmark Results

Inference Example

Please ensure `transformers>=4.56,from __future__ import annotations

from pathlib import Path

import torch from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer

VISION_FEATURE_DIM = 1536 HISTORY_FRAMES = 31 COARSE_TOKENS_PER_FRAME = 4 FINE_TOKENS_CURRENT_FRAME = 64

class MiniCPMRobotTrackInference: """Tokenizer and model wrapper for MiniCPM-RobotTrack inference."""

def __init__( self, checkpoint_path: str | Path = "openbmb/MiniCPM-RobotTrack", device: str | torch.device | None = None, ): if device is None: device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu" self.device = torch.device(device) checkpoint = str(checkpoint_path)

self.tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(checkpoint) if self.tokenizer.pad_token_id is None: self.tokenizer.pad_token = self.tokenizer.eos_token

self.model = AutoModel.from_pretrained( checkpoint, trust_remote_code=True, ) self.model.to(self.device).eval()

@staticmethod def _prepare_visual_tokens( tokens: torch.Tensor, time_indices: torch.Tensor, name: str, ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]: tokens = torch.as_tensor(tokens, dtype=torch.float32) time_indices = torch.as_tensor(time_indices, dtype=torch.long)

if tokens.ndim == 2: tokens = tokens.unsqueeze(0) if time_indices.ndim == 1: time_indices = time_indices.unsqueeze(0) if tokens.ndim != 3 or tokens.shape[-1] != VISION_FEATURE_DIM: raise ValueError( f"{name}_tokens must have shape [B, N, {VISION_FEATURE_DIM}]" ) if time_indices.shape != tokens.shape[:2]: raise ValueError( f"{name}_time_indices must match the first two dimensions of " f"{name}_tokens" ) return tokens, time_indices

@torch.inference_mode() def predict( self, instruction: str, coarse_tokens: torch.Tensor, coarse_time_indices: torch.Tensor, fine_tokens: torch.Tensor, fine_time_indices: torch.Tensor, ) -> torch.Tensor: """Return eight `[x, y, yaw]` waypoints for each batch item.""" coarse_tokens, coarse_time_indices = self._prepare_visual_tokens( coarse_tokens, coarse_time_indices, "coarse", ) fine_tokens, fine_time_indices = self._prepare_visual_tokens( fine_tokens, fine_time_indices, "fine", )

batch_size = coarse_tokens.shape[0] if fine_tokens.shape[0] != batch_size: raise ValueError("coarse and fine feature batch sizes must match")

text = self.tokenizer( [instruction] * batch_size, return_tensors="pt", padding=True, truncation=True, max_length=self.model.config.max_text_tokens, ) outputs = self.model( input_ids=text.input_ids.to(self.device), attention_mask=text.attention_mask.to(self.device), coarse_tokens=coarse_tokens.to(self.device), coarse_time_indices=coarse_time_indices.to(self.device), fine_tokens=fine_tokens.to(self.device), fine_time_indices=fine_time_indices.to(self.device), ) return outputs.trajectories.float().cpu()

if __name__ == "__main__": infer_runner = MiniCPMRobotTrackInference()

Replace these placeholders with fused DINOv3 + SigLIP features produced

by the project preprocessing pipeline.

coarse_tokens = torch.zeros( HISTORY_FRAMES * COARSE_TOKENS_PER_FRAME, VISION_FEATURE_DIM, ) coarse_time_indices = torch.arange(HISTORY_FRAMES).repeat_interleave( COARSE_TOKENS_PER_FRAME ) fine_tokens = torch.zeros( FINE_TOKENS_CURRENT_FRAME, VISION_FEATURE_DIM, ) fine_time_indices = torch.full( (FINE_TOKENS_CURRENT_FRAME,), HISTORY_FRAMES, dtype=torch.long, )

trajectory = infer_runner.predict( instruction="Follow the person in the red shirt.", coarse_tokens=coarse_tokens, coarse_time_indices=coarse_time_indices, fine_tokens=fine_tokens, fine_time_indices=fine_time_indices, ) print(trajectory) # [1, 8, 3]

Acknowledgement

This project builds on and references MiniCPM, DINOv3, SigLIP, Habitat-Lab, Habitat-Sim, EVT-Bench, and TrackVLA. We thank the authors for their open-source contributions.

License

Model weights and code are open-sourced under the [Apache-2.0](./LICENSE) license.